Ccna 4 Chapter 7 Exam Answers – In this post, we will list the answers to the Network Application Communications exam, this exam is for CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Exam Module 14 – 15.
1. What action does a client take when establishing communication with a server using UDP at the transport layer?
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5. A PC downloads a large file from a server. The TCP window is 1000 bytes. The server sends the file in 100-byte segments. How many segments will the server send before requesting an acknowledgment from the PC?
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Explanation: With a window of 1000 bytes, the destination host accepts segments until all 1000 bytes of data are received. Then the destination host sends an acknowledgment.
Explanation: Window is the number of bytes the sender will send before waiting for an acknowledgment from the target device. The first window is negotiated during session startup via the three-way handshake between source and destination. It is determined by the amount of data that the target device of a TCP session can accept and process at the same time.
Explanation: A UDP header consists only of the Source Port, Destination Port, Length, and Checksum fields. Sequence number, confirmation number, and window size are TCP header fields.
Explanation: The transport layer has several responsibilities. Key responsibilities include the following: Tracking individual communication flows between applications on the source and destination host Segmenting data at the source and reassembling data at the destination Identifying the correct application for each communication flow through port numbers
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Explanation: At the transport layer, TCP uses the sequence numbers in the header of each TCP segment to reassemble the segments in the correct order.
11. What important information is added to the TCP/IP transport layer header to ensure communication and connectivity with an external network device?
Explanation: TCP: Provides tracing of data segments sent Target devices acknowledge received data. Source devices will resend unrecognized data. UDP target devices do not acknowledge received data. The headers use minimal overhead and cause minimal delay
13. A client application must end a TCP communication session with a server. Place the steps of the termination process in the order in which they will occur. (Not all options are used.)
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Explanation: To end a TCP session, the client sends the server a segment with the FIN flag set. The server acknowledges the client by sending a segment with the ACK flag set. The server sends a FIN to the client to end the server-client session. The client acknowledges the termination by sending a segment with the ACK flag set.
14. Which flag in the TCP header is used in response to a received FIN to terminate the connection between two network devices?
Explanation: During a TCP session, if a device has no more data to send, it sends a segment with the FIN flag set. The connected device that receives the segment responds with an ACK to acknowledge that segment. The device that sent the ACK then sends a FIN message to disconnect the other device. Sending the FIN must be followed by receiving an ACK from the other device.
Explanation: Some applications can use both TCP and UDP. DNS uses UDP when clients send requests to a DNS server and TCP when two DNS servers communicate directly with each other.
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Explanation: UDP cannot rearrange the datagrams in the order they were sent, so UDP simply reassembles the data in the order it was received and forwards it to the application.
17. What type of port should be requested from IANA for use with a specific application?
Explanation: The registered ports (numbers 1024 to 49151) are assigned by IANA to a requesting entity for use with specific processes or applications. These processes are usually individual applications that a user has chosen to install, rather than regular applications that would be given a known port number. For example, Cisco has registered port 1985 for its Hot Standby Routing Protocol (HSRP) process.
Explanation:Some protocols require TCP’s reliable data transport. In addition, these protocols have no real-time communication requirements and can tolerate some data loss while minimizing protocol overhead. Examples of these protocols are SMTP, FTP and HTTP.
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Explanation: UDP is a simple protocol that provides basic transport layer functions. It has much less overhead than TCP because it is not connection-oriented and lacks the sophisticated retransmission, sequencing, and flow control mechanisms that provide reliability.
20. Which two fields are included in the TCP header but not in the UDP header? (Choose two.)
Explanation: The sequence number and window fields are included in the TCP header, but not in the UDP header.
Explanation: The value in the TCP header check bits field indicates the progress and status of the connection.
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Explanation: When a host requests a web page, the reliability and completeness of the transmission must be ensured. Therefore, HTTP uses TCP as the transport layer protocol.
Explanation: Applications that can tolerate some data loss, require simple request and response, and manage reliability themselves are best suited for UDP. UDP has low overhead and no reliability requirements. TCP provides services for reliability, data flow control, and segment reordering.
Explanation: Both UDP and TCP use port numbers to uniquely identify each call. Source port numbers are randomly generated and used to track various conversations. Destination port numbers identify specific services using a predefined port number for the service or a port number manually assigned by a system administrator.
25. In what two situations would UDP be better than TCP as the preferred transport protocol? (Choose two.)
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Explanation: UDP is a very simple transport layer protocol that does not guarantee delivery. Devices on both ends of the call are not required to monitor the call. UDP is used as the transport protocol for applications that require fast, optimal delivery.
Explanation: The transport layer has several responsibilities. Some of the key responsibilities include: Track individual communication flows between applications on the source and destination host Segment data at the source and reassemble data at the destination Identify the right application for each communication flow using port numbers Multiplex the communication of multiple users or applications on a single network Manage application reliability requirements
Explanation: When a host configured to use DHCP joins a network, it sends a DHCPDISCOVER message. FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF is the L2 broadcast address. A DHCP server responds with a unicast DHCPOFFER message to the host.
Explanation: POP, POP3 and IMAP are protocols used to retrieve mail from servers. SMTP is the standard protocol used to send emails. DNS can be used by the sending mail server to find the address of the destination mail server.
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Explanation: The Server Message Block protocol is a file, printer, and folder sharing protocol. Clients establish a long-term connection to servers, and when the connection is established, resources are accessible. Every SMB message has the same format. Using SMB differs from FTP mainly in the duration of the sessions. SMB messages can verify sessions.
Explanation: There are three common HTTP message types: GET – Used by clients to request data from a web server POST – Used by clients to upload data to a web server PUT – Used by clients to upload data to a web server
31. Which OSI layer interfaces between applications used to communicate and the underlying network over which messages are sent?
Explanation: The application layer is the layer closest to the end user and forms the interface between the underlying network and the applications with which it communicates.
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32. What network model is used when an author uploads a chapter document to a book publisher’s file server?
Explanation: In the client/server network model, a network device takes on the role of a server to provide some service, such as file transfer and storage. In the client/server network model, it is not necessary to use a dedicated server, but if any, the network model used is the client/server model. Conversely, a peer-to-peer network does not have a dedicated server.
Explanation: In both client/server and peer-to-peer network models, there are clients and servers. In peer-to-peer networks, there is no dedicated server, but a device can take on the role of server to provide information to a device that plays the role of client.
Explanation: In a peer-to-peer network model, data is exchanged between two network devices without using a dedicated server. Peer-to-peer applications such as Shareaz, eDonkey and Bitcoin allow one network device to take on the role of server while one or more other network devices take on the role of client using the peer-to-peer application.
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35. What is a common protocol used with peer-to-peer applications such as WireShare, Bearshare, and Shareaza?
Explanation: The Gnutella protocol is used when a user shares an entire file with another user. A person loads a Gnutella-based application such as gtk-gnutella or WireShare and uses that application to locate and access resources shared by others.
37. The application layer of the TCP/IP model performs the functions of three layers
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